{"id":23217,"date":"2026-03-04T18:21:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T18:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infinpros.com\/?p=23217"},"modified":"2026-03-04T18:21:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T18:21:47","slug":"how-predatory-but-legal-auto-loans-are-systematically-taking-advantage-of-people-with-subprime-credit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infinpros.com\/?p=23217","title":{"rendered":"How predatory but legal auto loans are systematically taking advantage of people with subprime credit"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>This is a story about a predatory loan that can ensnare you in a matter of hours and lead to crushing debt \u2014 and perhaps wrecked credit \u2014 that can span years.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also a story about how it\u2019s all perfectly legal.<\/p>\n<p>Increasing numbers of consumers are caught in the cross hairs of car loans, which face far less scrutiny than other lending products, according to our reporting. Consider: A record number of us are upside down on auto loans, our collective delinquency rate has reached a 15-year high and repossessions increased by 43% between 2022 and 2024. These signs of consumer strain are a result, in part, of rising car prices and varying eligibility criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Reputable dealers and finance companies, which also originate millions of above-board car loans each year, denied 15.2% of loan applications last October, double the 6.7% reported in June, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Yet the not-so-reputable lenders \u2014 namely, \u201cbuy here, pay here\u201d used car lots \u2014 continue to offer predatory-but-legal loans, particularly to consumers with subprime credit. We know this because the average auto loan APR awarded to borrowers with credit scores below 600 continues to hover around a credit card-like 20%, according to Experian\u2019s latest data.<\/p>\n<p>At Bankrate, we\u2019ve interviewed car buyers, advocates, lawyers and industry insiders to better understand how dealers are exploiting unknowing consumers in favor of commissions. This is what we think you should know \u2014 so that the next time you finance a car, you know what you might be up against.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"consumer\" data-position=\"1\" data-beam-element-viewed=\"\" data-id=\"br-h2-1-onpage-placement\" data-type=\"h2\" data-location=\"Editorial\" data-name=\"h2_all\" data-text=\"The consumer experience\" data-outcome=\"\">The consumer experience<\/h2>\n<p>Until April 2024, Torry Holmesly had never owned a car in tip-top condition. So, when Holmesly, 50, received a mailer from DriveTime, a local used car lot with locations nationally, saying she was preapproved, she thought it was her lucky day. After all, she needed a reliable vehicle to drive to clients for her job as a home care aide.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSomething I could walk out in the morning and it was going to start,\u201d says Holmesly, who previously spent hundreds of dollars on beaters or, most recently, $1,500 for a 2008 Dodge Ram pickup on its last legs. \u201cAnd I didn\u2019t do my research on it\u2026 I\u2019ve always rented or paid cash for everything, you know?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Holmesly went to the lot and picked out a 2020 Chevy Equinox, financing it through DriveTime\u2019s financing partner, Bridgecrest. She learned later she had agreed to repay the auto loan to the tune of a 20% APR for a loan amount of more than the car\u2019s worth.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><\/figure>\n<p><em>See more of Holmesly\u2019s predatory loan contract.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey saw me coming from a mile away,\u201d says Holmesly, who lives in a rent-to-own RV in Azle, Texas, working 40 to 70 hours per week.<\/p>\n<p>Despite making on-time payments, Holmesly is now \u201cupside down\u201d on the Equinox. Her lender made that a foregone conclusion by:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Setting the sticker price ($21,695) as much as $7,000 more than online asking for this model with about as many miles (76,080) at the time<\/li>\n<li>Wrapping $4,465 worth of optional \u201cadd-ons\u201d she didn\u2019t fully comprehend, including nonessential gap coverage and a warranty into her loan balance<\/li>\n<li>Allowing her to finalize the transaction with a 3.6% down payment (far lower than experts typical recommendation of 10 to 20%)<\/li>\n<li>Bringing into question whether the terms meet the National Association of Consumer Advocates\u2019 (NACA) standard of predatory lending: using \u201cdeceptive or unethical means to convince you to accept a loan under unfair terms\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unfortunately, the trouble here is also that a 20% APR is the average cost of doing business for consumers with subprime credit, according to Experian.<\/p>\n<div class=\"w-full overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table has-fixed-layout wrapped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>FICO score<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>New car loans<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Used car loans<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Deep subprime (300 to 500)<\/td>\n<td>15.85%<\/td>\n<td>21.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Subprime\u00a0(501 to 600)<\/td>\n<td>13.34%<\/td>\n<td>19%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Near prime (601 to 660)<\/td>\n<td>9.77%<\/td>\n<td>14.11%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prime (661 to 780)<\/td>\n<td>6.51%<\/td>\n<td>9.65%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Superprime (781 to 850)<\/td>\n<td>4.88%<\/td>\n<td>7.43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Source: Experian State of the Automotive Finance Market Q3 2025<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Years earlier, as a homeless single mom of two, Holmesly wasn\u2019t maintaining her credit score. At the time she borrowed from Bridgecrest, she says, her credit score was about 525. But now no reputable financial institution will refinance her underwater Equinox, even though, with her credit counselor\u2019s help, she\u2019s raised her credit score into the mid-to-high 600s.<\/p>\n<p>John W. Van Alst is a senior attorney at the nonprofit National Consumer Law Center (NCLC) and has been for nearly 20 years. He\u2019s also the director of NCLC\u2019s Working Cars for Working People project, which partners with nonprofits to help the lowest-income Americans get vehicles for no or relatively lower cost.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>When Van Alst hears the story of Holmesly, he\u2019s not surprised, not in the slightest.<\/p>\n<div class=\"BlockQuote pb-8 BlockQuote--bordered flex flex-col items-center text-center md:text-left md:flex-row gap-3 md:gap-8 mb-8 md:mb-0\">\n<blockquote class=\"BlockQuote-text text-center md:text-left\"><p>\n        <q>It is all too familiar \u2014 it is par for the course. It really is the most complex transaction or financial transaction that most consumers will ever enter into.<\/q><br \/>\n                    <cite class=\"PullQuote-cite text-gray-900 ml-0 md:ml-4\"><br \/>\n                \u2014 John W. Van Alst, NCLC senior attorney<br \/>\n            <\/cite>\n            <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"lender\" data-position=\"2\" data-beam-element-viewed=\"\" data-id=\"br-h2-2-onpage-placement\" data-type=\"h2\" data-location=\"Editorial\" data-name=\"h2_all\" data-text=\"The lender\u2019s point of view\" data-outcome=\"\">The lender\u2019s point of view<\/h2>\n<p>DriveTime is far from the only used car lot in America to thrust its financing partner, Bridgecrest in this case, onto unsuspecting or underprepared car-buyers. That\u2019s table stakes \u2014 and why it\u2019s so critical for you to walk into a dealership with outside financing that your salesperson is forced to beat.<\/p>\n<p>However, because DriveTime and Bridgecrest are both owned by DriveTime Automotive Group, Inc., they function, in unison, as a \u201cbuy here, pay here\u201d lender: a term that describes a used car dealer that both sells and finances its vehicles, typically at higher interest rates and less attractive terms for consumers who may or may not have good credit. Bankrate reached out to\u00a0 DriveTime and Bridgecrest to learn more about their side of the story, but they didn\u2019t respond to our multiple phone calls or emails over a month before publishing the story.<\/p>\n<section class=\"editorial-insight-box --insight-box +mg-vertical-md\" data-template=\"insight_box\">\n<div class=\"card-body border-l-4 border-blue-800\">\n<div class=\"icon-wrapper\">\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"icon-offset-blue-200\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" focusable=\"false\"><title>Car With Dollar Sign Icon<\/title>\n<path d=\"M8.34 9h7.547c.682 0 1.306.382 1.61.987l1.953 3.872h1.85c1.491 0 2.7 1.2 2.7 2.678v1.785C24 19.802 22.791 21 21.3 21H5.7C4.209 21 3 19.801 3 18.322v-1.785a2.687 2.687 0 0 1 2.528-2.672l1.087-3.593A1.798 1.798 0 0 1 8.34 9Z\" fill=\"transparent\" class=\"icon-offset\"\/><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.25 8.746c0 .34.277.618.617.618a.62.62 0 0 0 .618-.618v-.15a1.53 1.53 0 0 0 1.42-1.518c0-.834-.68-1.52-1.52-1.52H19.35a.285.285 0 1 1 0-.571h.5a.615.615 0 0 0 .034-.001h1.149a.62.62 0 0 0 .618-.618.62.62 0 0 0-.618-.618h-.548v-.146a.62.62 0 0 0-.618-.618.62.62 0 0 0-.618.618v.15a1.524 1.524 0 0 0-1.42 1.517c0 .834.68 1.521 1.52 1.521h1.035a.285.285 0 1 1 0 .571h-1.683a.62.62 0 0 0-.617.618c0 .34.278.618.617.618h.548v.147ZM5.354 11.888h4.761V8.267H7.097a.947.947 0 0 0-.548.177.868.868 0 0 0-.332.463l-.862 2.981Zm5.996 0h5.26l-1.793-3.313a.54.54 0 0 0-.224-.231.574.574 0 0 0-.309-.077h-2.934v3.621Zm6.658 0L15.9 7.996a1.82 1.82 0 0 0-1.622-.965H7.09c-.455 0-.903.155-1.281.425a2.156 2.156 0 0 0-.788 1.096l-.972 3.344c-.653.05-1.264.33-1.737.803a2.72 2.72 0 0 0-.811 1.953v1.683c0 .734.286 1.428.81 1.953.483.49 1.12.771 1.804.807a2.533 2.533 0 0 0 2.45 1.919c1.18 0 2.176-.818 2.45-1.914h6.033a2.533 2.533 0 0 0 2.45 1.914c1.182 0 2.18-.822 2.452-1.923a2.745 2.745 0 0 0 1.74-.803 2.72 2.72 0 0 0 .811-1.953v-1.683c0-.733-.286-1.428-.81-1.953a2.72 2.72 0 0 0-1.954-.81h-1.727Zm1.93 5.962a1.525 1.525 0 0 0 1.326-1.515v-1.683c0-.41-.162-.795-.448-1.08a1.525 1.525 0 0 0-1.081-.449H4.264c-.41 0-.795.163-1.08.448a1.525 1.525 0 0 0-.449 1.081v1.683a1.525 1.525 0 0 0 1.386 1.522 2.533 2.533 0 0 1 2.444-1.893c1.174 0 2.166.81 2.446 1.9h6.04a2.533 2.533 0 0 1 2.446-1.9c1.17 0 2.158.804 2.442 1.886Zm-7.684-2.48h-1.09a.62.62 0 0 1-.617-.617.62.62 0 0 1 .618-.618h1.088a.62.62 0 0 1 .618.618.62.62 0 0 1-.617.617Zm-5.69 1.822c-.71 0-1.29.579-1.29 1.29 0 .71.58 1.289 1.29 1.289.71 0 1.29-.58 1.29-1.29 0-.71-.58-1.289-1.29-1.289Zm9.643 1.29c0-.711.579-1.29 1.289-1.29s1.29.579 1.29 1.29c0 .71-.58 1.289-1.29 1.289-.71 0-1.29-.58-1.29-1.29Z\" class=\"icon-base\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n<p>\n                    How do you spot a buy here, pay here (BHPH) lots?\n                <\/p>\n<div class=\"content wysiwyg wysiwyg--flush\">\n<p>Sometimes it\u2019s obvious, in big, bright letters on signs high above street level. BHPH lenders emphasize that they\u2019ll approve you, no matter your credit or income level. You might see advertising like \u201cGuaranteed financing\u201d or \u201cNo credit, no problem.\u201d Other telltale signs of BHPH dealers include older, higher-mileage cars, frequent payments and yes, higher interest rates. If you\u2019re looking to avoid this type of lender, see if a lot near you is listed in the buyherepayhere.biz database.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>And if you thought buy here, pay here was merely the domain of shady locally-owned-and-operated businesses that most of us know to avoid, consider the sheer size of the companies involved in Holmesly\u2019s challenging situation.<\/p>\n<p>Bridgecrest is \u201ca privately-owned, massive corporation, one of the largest used-car retailers, buy-here, pay-here dealers in the country,\u201d says Yossi Levi, the founder and CEO of Car Dealership Guy, an online trade publication. \u201cSo, they obviously, as being a privately-owned firm\u2026 I would say they have more flexibility, I would assume with their lending.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t want to speak [about] BridgeCrest because I simply don\u2019t know how they operate their finances. What I will say is that they\u2019ve been around for many, many decades at this point, and that, to me, signals that they are solving some need in the market. They have competition, it\u2019s not like there\u2019s a monopoly. So, I would hope that if they were not putting out a decently quality product in a market, that they wouldn\u2019t sustain and they would go out of business.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Therein lies the free-market argument that industry experts like Levi have heard ad nauseum: While you can suspect lenders of preying upon less-financially savvy consumers, they exist and are likely to fill the void in ever-expanding banking deserts, to serve consumers who wouldn\u2019t otherwise be served. This means that an underbanked \u2014 and perhaps uninformed \u2014 person is more likely to face a higher auto loan APR than a peer who lives next to a credit union and name-brand car dealership. (And buy here, pay here and banking deserts could be reinforcing each other: If you struggle to repay your predatory-but-legal auto loan, your damaged credit can make it harder to bank somewhere safer.)<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/infinpros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Predatory-auto-loans-are-legal-and-some-lenders-are-offering-them-to-unknowing-consumers-inset-4-1.j.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1166521\"  \/><\/figure>\n<p>Consumer advocates agree there are far more dealers that operate ethically than those that don\u2019t, particularly the name brands that face more scrutiny, in some cases because they have shareholders. For those more recognizable dealers, it\u2019s not good business to make unaffordable car loans, Levi says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven if you\u2019re not a righteous saint, it\u2019s in your best interest for your customer to buy something affordable, because that means that you are going to be able to successfully pay off that loan\u2026 or if you don\u2019t, you\u2019ll come back to me to buy another car,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n<p>Holmesly\u2019s own credit counselor, Todd Christensen, acknowledges the inherent nuance at play for subprime lenders: \u201cThey\u2019re not all crooks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGranted, they are working with a very high-risk population,\u201d the counselor adds, referring to car buyers like Holmesly who don\u2019t have fair or better credit. \u201cAnd the higher the risk, the higher the interest because they need to do that [to profit]. But it absolutely feels predatory.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It makes you wonder what interest rate Holmesly would have been handed if she had an even lower credit score.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTwenty percent is a <em>good<\/em> price at those places,\u201d says Christensen. \u201cI have seen 35% APR on car loans.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rate\" data-position=\"3\" data-beam-element-viewed=\"\" data-id=\"br-h2-3-onpage-placement\" data-type=\"h2\" data-location=\"Editorial\" data-name=\"h2_all\" data-text=\"How your rate can get lost at the car lot\" data-outcome=\"\">How your rate can get lost at the car lot<\/h2>\n<p>Imagine yourself on the lot. You could be simultaneously trying to negotiate the trade-in of your current vehicle and the price of your next one. You\u2019re also worrying about whether your new car payment will fit into your budget \u2014 while you possibly fend off those costly but often unnecessary add-ons, foisted upon you by a salesperson.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s easy to lose focus on the big priorities, like interest rate.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou\u2019re really going in with both hands tied behind your back,\u201d Van Alst says. \u201cYou can\u2019t simultaneously keep all these things front and center.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dealers, meanwhile, do this sort of thing daily. Once they know what you care about \u2014 whether it\u2019s the monthly payment, the price of the car or your trade-in\u2019s value \u2014 they can adjust the transaction\u2019s other terms to your disadvantage. <em>Oh, you\u2019d like a lower car payment? Let\u2019s lengthen your loan term.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cA lot of consumers don\u2019t realize, when they walk into a car dealership \u2014 and this isn\u2019t true of all dealerships, but it\u2019s true of many of them \u2014 that their objective is to extract as much profit from every aspect of the deal that they can,\u201d says Dan Blinn, a lawyer who handles automotive claims in Connecticut and Massachusetts.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Blinn makes the comparison of buying a toaster oven from Walmart, a worry-free transaction because you generally don\u2019t have to worry that you\u2019re paying more than another customer would.<\/p>\n<p>Walmart \u201cis not going to be sizing you up, they\u2019re not going to be determining how gullible they think you might be, and they\u2019re not going to try to see what they can sneak in there that you may not know about,\u201d Blinn says, continuing the example. \u201cAnd a lot of people walk into a car dealership thinking it\u2019s the same thing, and it\u2019s absolutely not. It\u2019s an environment where the other side has all the information, and they have all the leverage, and they have all the experience in doing these types of deals. And consumers who are not savvy and don\u2019t have the ability to protect themselves can be very badly taken advantage of.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While it\u2019s seemingly always stressful to buy a car, not all dealerships add to that stress in the same ways. Still, the bad actors and their deeds are what garner the attention of Van Alst and\u00a0NACA senior policy director Christine Hines. Predatory tactics used by dealers include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"w-full overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table has-fixed-layout wrapped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tactic<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Detail<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Analysis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Interest-rate markup<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>After providing some of your credit information to finance entities, which will offer a \u201cbuy rate,\u201d or the interest rate at which they\u2019re willing to buy the loan, the dealer charges a higher rate to the car-buyer and splits the extra interest with the finance entity assuming the loan.<\/td>\n<td>\u201cIt also is quite abusive and can be discriminatory because they can choose how \u2026 and who they charge these markups to and how much,\u201d says Hines.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Interest-rate disguising<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>If a dealer might have to sell a car-buyer\u2019s loan to a subprime financing company at a loss, it will attempt to profit further by raising the car\u2019s asking price above its market value.\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u201cAnd so when the dealership has sort of total control over the transaction, it\u2019s real easy to hide part of this financing cost in the price of the car,\u201d Van Alst says. The higher car price also means the buyer will pay more sales tax.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Picture yourself back at the dealership. You\u2019ve picked out your car, haggled over the price and, sure, successfully avoided unnecessary add-ons offered by the salesperson. Then starts the \u201ccascade\u201d of paperwork, says the NCLC\u2019s Van Alst. After those initial fits and starts, you\u2019re suddenly being asked to read over everything quickly, sign here, initial there. Your new loan agreement is just one paper, digital or otherwise, mixed into the stack.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, the Truth in Lending Act requires that, when you\u2019re obtaining credit, you should be given the disclosures for its cost, so that you can shop around. But \u201cyou never get any of that until the end, and so you\u2019re already kind of locked in,\u201d Van Alst says. \u201cAnd so, it really is just such an opaque and difficult-to-manage transaction that we just see horrible abuses built into this, time and time again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In Holmesly\u2019s case, she admits she didn\u2019t understand the meaning of APR at the time of signing. She certainly didn\u2019t understand that her loan amount had been inflated by add-ons, not just by the sticker price of the car \u2014 which brings into question whether her signature was a stand-in for consent. In 2024 settlements in states like Illinois and Rhode Island, attorneys general explicitly called out dealerships for failing to get customers\u2019 \u201cexpress\u201d and \u201cinformed\u201d consent.<\/p>\n<div class=\"BlockQuote pb-8 BlockQuote--bordered flex flex-col items-center text-center md:text-left md:flex-row gap-3 md:gap-8 mb-8 md:mb-0\">\n<blockquote class=\"BlockQuote-text text-center md:text-left\"><p>\n        <q>I didn\u2019t know the first thing about buying a car, at all, and they didn&#8217;t really take the time to explain any of it to me\u2026 And this was the nicest car that I&#8217;d ever had, and so I just kind of got swept up in it, basically.<\/q><br \/>\n                    <cite class=\"PullQuote-cite text-gray-900 ml-0 md:ml-4\"><br \/>\n                \u2014 Torry Holmesly<br \/>\n            <\/cite>\n            <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>Like the rest of us, Holmesly was more concerned with her short-term costs.<\/p>\n<p>Lisa Cameron has been working in credit counseling one way or another for 32 years. She recently visited some dealership websites to re-acquaint herself with their offerings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe banner across the top was, \u2018What do you want your payment to be?\u2019\u201d says Camerson. \u201cSo, again, people who maybe have a tighter budget are going to be more focused on that piece of it and not be so concerned about what that long-term cost is going to be because they got a higher rate \u2014 they were just worried about that initial payment where it was going to land in their budget.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo, it\u2019s a complex process, it\u2019s not necessarily easy to navigate. I don\u2019t know that I would know the things to look for if I wasn\u2019t in this industry.\u201d<\/p>\n<section class=\"editorial-insight-box --insight-box +mg-vertical-md\" data-template=\"insight_box\">\n<div class=\"card-body border-l-4 border-blue-800\">\n<div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n<p>\n                    Having good credit doesn\u2019t protect you from dealership financing tactics\n                <\/p>\n<div class=\"content wysiwyg wysiwyg--flush\">\n<p>Even consumers with better credit than Holmesly aren\u2019t immune from being charged a too-high rate, as Consumer Reports has reported. My-Tegia Lee, the executive director of the Southwest Native Assets Coalition \u2014 a nonprofit dedicated to financial empowerment for tribal communities \u2014 says that her own aunt signed a loan agreement in November in Gallup, N.M., with a 14% APR despite her 730 credit score. A car-buyer with such credit should, on average, qualify for a single-digit APR, according to Experian\u2019s data.Van Alst relayed similar experiences, of clients who had good credit scores but wound up with something like a 28% interest rate at buy here, pay here dealers. For too many consumers, he says, APRs are \u201creally more of opportunity pricing than pricing based upon the [consumer\u2019s] creditworthiness.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<h2 id=\"regulation\" data-position=\"4\" data-beam-element-viewed=\"\" data-id=\"br-h2-4-onpage-placement\" data-type=\"h2\" data-location=\"Editorial\" data-name=\"h2_all\" data-text=\"Lacking regulation, enforcement shifts responsibility to consumers\" data-outcome=\"\">Lacking regulation, enforcement shifts responsibility to consumers<\/h2>\n<p>For many of us, a car is the second-biggest purchase we\u2019ll ever make. But it may happen over a period of hours \u2014 getting a home and a mortgage takes months.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the example of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-mandated homebuyer education courses for those of us buying our first home (in a while). We have to sit through it, in part to qualify for a homebuyer grant or down payment assistance, but also, in part to learn about how an APR works or which fees are negotiable. It\u2019s only logical to have this process in place before you make a life-changing financial decision.<\/p>\n<p>In the auto lending industry, no such process exists. That\u2019s despite the fact that a car \u2014 like a roof over your head \u2014 is a necessity for many Americans. Not to mention that auto loans, while far smaller than home loans, are typically five figures. Struggling to repay them can easily impact your financial future.<\/p>\n<p>As it stands, auto financing has less red tape than mortgage (and other types of) lending, in part because its bad actors haven\u2019t helped to cause an economic crisis (see Great Recession of 2008). It\u2019s also because of regulatory and enforcement gaps, both at the state and federal levels.<\/p>\n<h3>Regulation and enforcement<\/h3>\n<p>With a made-to-starve Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), increased auto loan regulation is unlikely to arrive anytime soon. As much as you might assign this fact to political turnover in Washington, D.C., it\u2019s really years in the making, since the Great Recession of 2008.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe dealers are a very powerful lobbying force in Congress,\u201d says NACA\u2019s Hines.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In fact, Hines adds, those forces \u2014 including the National Automobile Dealers Association and the National Independent Automobile Dealers Association (NIADA), which didn\u2019t reply to Bankrate\u2019s interview requests before publishing \u2014 convinced Congress that auto dealers should be exempt from CFPB oversight. The CFPB had a record of enforcement actions against certain types of auto lenders until the second Trump Administration. And about 15 years after the Dodd-Frank Act that created the CFPB, its new leadership has suggested it shouldn\u2019t be charged with supervising auto lenders, either.<\/p>\n<p>Consider that NIADA represents about 40,000 licensed used car dealers nationwide.<\/p>\n<div class=\"w-full overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table has-fixed-layout wrapped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Key moments in auto lending regulation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>May 2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>A group of 34 state attorneys general announce a $550 million settlement with lender Santander, for lending subprime auto loans \u201cit knew carried an unacceptably high probability of default.\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>January 2024<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The FTC fails to implement its CARS Rule, which had aimed at Combating Auto Retail Scams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>August 2024<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The CFPB proposes to reduce its supervision of auto lenders across the US.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>October 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>California passes a version of CARS into state law in its most recent legislative session.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Much of auto loan regulation takes place at the state level, anyway, not federally. Most notably, the maximum (or permissible) auto loan APR that can be charged by dealers varies by a state\u2019s usury laws, plus factors like the loan size and age of the car.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is hard because, a lot of times, it\u2019s smaller dealers, sometimes it\u2019s smaller finance companies,\u201d Van Alst says. \u201cAnd so I understand that that\u2019s a lot for an enforcement entity, whether it\u2019s a state AG or the CFPB or the FTC to take on. But it\u2019s so necessary to really try to police the market.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>NCLC published a state-by-state review of laws meant to inhibit unfair and deceptive lending practices, but it\u2019s from 2018 \u2014 Bankrate is currently working on an updated analysis that broadly measures which states are most effective at protecting consumers. The following are examples of states pursuing regulations more aggressively than others:<\/p>\n<div class=\"w-full overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table has-fixed-layout wrapped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>State<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Timing<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Enforcement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Settlement<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arizona<\/td>\n<td>August 2024<\/td>\n<td>Coulter Motor Company was accused, in part, of charging higher interest rates to Latino car buyers.<\/td>\n<td>$2.6 million<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Illinois<\/td>\n<td>December 2024<\/td>\n<td>Leader Automotive Group allegedly charged buyers for expensive add-ons without their consent, among other infractions.<\/td>\n<td>$20 million*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maryland<\/td>\n<td>March 2025<\/td>\n<td>DARCARS Honda was sued for charging optional commission fees that could be rolled into loans.<\/td>\n<td>$3 million<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rhode Island<\/td>\n<td>August 2024<\/td>\n<td>Six local dealerships\u00a0 reportedly sought to impose fees for add-on warranties that weren\u2019t included in advertised pricing.<\/td>\n<td>$1 million<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">*<em>The largest settlement the FTC, in conjunction with a state in this case, has secured from an auto dealer.<\/em>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Levi, the CEO of industry platform Car Dealership Guy, makes the case that more regulation isn\u2019t a simple solution. When a car dealership bumps up against their state\u2019s permissible interest rate, he says, it\u2019s typically charged a higher acquisition fee by the bank that can take on the risk of underwriting a subprime loan. That makes the dealer less incentivized to sell the car, which means there may be fewer opportunities for subprime borrowers to buy cars from reputable dealers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd so then the question is, what\u2019s better, right?\u201d asks Levi. \u201cIs it better to just shut off access to traditionally high out-of-market lending? Or is it better to still offer it, even knowing that certain consumers are maybe not educated enough to make the proper decisions?\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>The onus on consumers<\/h3>\n<p>By her own admission, Holmesly lacked the knowledge and understanding to enable a better borrowing decision. When Bridgecrest financing showed she\u2019d be making $296.44 payments twice per month, not once per usual as most car owners are used to, she didn\u2019t blink.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"BlockQuote pb-8 BlockQuote--bordered flex flex-col items-center text-center md:text-left md:flex-row gap-3 md:gap-8 mb-8 md:mb-0\">\n<blockquote class=\"BlockQuote-text text-center md:text-left\"><p>\n        <q>They make it seem like in their marketing or in their sales pitch, they&#8217;re saying, \u2018Yeah, oh, you&#8217;re looking for a $300 payment,\u2019 they don&#8217;t say monthly payment. It is legal, yeah, but predatory-like lenders work [that way].<\/q><br \/>\n                    <cite class=\"PullQuote-cite text-gray-900 ml-0 md:ml-4\"><br \/>\n                \u2014 Todd Christensen, credit counselor<br \/>\n            <\/cite>\n            <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<p>One month after borrowing \u2014 and upon realizing the predatory nature of her new debt \u2014 Holmesly contacted Bridgecrest to ask about the possibility of refinancing. They told her they\u2019d refinance it for $1,000, but she didn\u2019t have that kind of cash. She\u2019d just put a $1,000 down payment on the car.<\/p>\n<p>If putting the onus on someone like Holmesly seems unfair, multiple consumer advocates would agree with you. Still, in the absence of smart regulation and enforcement, the rest of us can at least attempt to make the best of a disadvantageous situation.<\/p>\n<p>Take Holmesly\u2019s tale as cautionary.<\/p>\n<div class=\"BlockQuote pb-8 BlockQuote--bordered flex flex-col items-center text-center md:text-left md:flex-row gap-3 md:gap-8 mb-8 md:mb-0\">\n<blockquote class=\"BlockQuote-text text-center md:text-left\"><p>\n        <q>It&#8217;s so important to be aware of potential pitfalls. Red flags include tailoring a loan to meet a specific payment goal, requiring biweekly payments and stretching out an auto loan for more than five years.<\/q><br \/>\n                    <cite class=\"PullQuote-cite text-gray-900 ml-0 md:ml-4\"><br \/>\n                \u2014 Ted Rossman, Bankrate&#8217;s senior industry analyst<br \/>\n            <\/cite>\n            <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"w-full overflow-x-auto\">\n<table class=\"wp-block-table has-fixed-layout wrapped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Holmesly\u2019s move<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Bankrate advice<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Worked with a nonprofit credit counselor to improve her credit score<\/td>\n<td>Consider that step, of course, but also DIY credit improvement, as applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Trusted the dealer or seller to accurate price her new ride<\/td>\n<td>Use tools like Kelley Blue Book to more objectively calculate the value of your car<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relied on the dealer\u2019s financing partner and recommendations<\/td>\n<td>\nShop for rates and terms with banks, credit unions and online lenders before stepping on the lot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accepted close to $5,000 of dealer add-ons, ballooning her loan amount<\/td>\n<td>Seriously question \u2014 and likely turn down \u2014 any add-ons you deem to be unnecessary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Made a 3.6% down payment without a sturdy budget in place<\/td>\n<td>If possible, budget and save up to make as large of a down payment as possible, ideally upwards of 20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Holmesly, of course, also decided to purchase a car from a buy here, pay here lot and lender. But experts agree unanimously that this should be your last-resort option.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe actually urge consumers to look at the private market \u2014 if you\u2019re buying a used car, you don\u2019t have to buy it from a dealer,\u201d says Rosemary Shahan, the president of Consumers for Auto Reliability and Safety\u00ae, who advocated for California\u2019s recently-passed CARS legislation. \u201cYou can buy it from a private party. That market has its own set of potential pitfalls, and you have to be careful, but we have tips for consumers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Holmesly, for her part, now understands the value of being more prepared whenever making a financial decision, particularly in an auto financing industry that seems willing to lend difficult-to-repay debt.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEducate yourself on any and every way that you can, anything that has to do with your finances,\u201d Holmesly says of her advice, including for her two daughters. \u201cBecause there\u2019s a lot of people out there that are going to try to rip you off, and there\u2019s a lot of red tape and everything\u2026 You can feel real stupid real fast. You get yourself into a lot worse situations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Already had a bad car-buying experience? Submit detailed <\/em><em>complaints to the CFPB<\/em><em> and to the <\/em><em>FTC<\/em><em>, says Hines. \u201cIt may not solve [your] problem immediately, but it will build a record,\u201d she adds. \u201cDo that because other state officials, state attorneys general and other state financial services, other officials across the country will have access to that information.\u201d And if you\u2019d like to share your story with us, email apentis@bankrate.com.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"HelpfulCTA mx-auto flex flex-col items-center gap-6 my-6 py-12 text-base border-y border-gray-200\" data-helpful-cta=\"\" data-beam-element-viewed=\"\" id=\"did-you-find-this-helpful\" data-type=\"cta\" data-location=\"article-bottom\" data-position=\"banner\" data-text=\"Did you find this page helpful?\">\n<div class=\"HelpfulCTA-initial w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-4\" data-cta-initial=\"\">\n<div class=\"HelpfulCTA-question text-lg font-bold text-center text-gray-900\">\n            Did you find this page helpful?<\/p>\n<div id=\"wj9GnNTEAm\" class=\"hidden\">\n<div class=\"wysiwyg wysiwyg--sm wysiwyg--flush max-w-xs\">\n<p class=\"mb-6 text-base\">\n                            <strong class=\"block font-bold text-gray-900\">Why we ask for feedback<\/strong><br \/>\n                            Your feedback helps us improve our content and services. 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0-.323.322c-.075.15-.075.603-.075 1.226v7.68c0 .623 0 1.075.075 1.226.075.14.183.247.323.322.15.075.603.075 1.228.075h.16c.625 0 1.078 0 1.228-.075a.778.778 0 0 0 .324-.322c.075-.151.075-.603.075-1.227V5.423c0-.623 0-1.076-.075-1.226a.722.722 0 0 0-.324-.322c-.15-.076-.603-.076-1.227-.076h-.161Z\" class=\"icon-base\"\/><\/svg><\/span> <span class=\"text-base leading-4\">No<\/span><br \/>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Yes Form --><\/p>\n<p>    <!-- No Form --><\/p>\n<div class=\"HelpfulCTA-thankyou flex flex-col items-center gap-2\" data-cta-thankyou=\"\" style=\"display:none;\">\n<p>Thank you for your<br \/>\n            feedback!<\/p>\n<p>Your input helps us improve our<br \/>\n            content and services.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Read the full article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankrate.com\/loans\/auto-loans\/predatory-legal-auto-loans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" rel=\"nofollow\">here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a story about a predatory loan that can ensnare you in a matter of hours and lead to crushing debt \u2014 and perhaps wrecked credit \u2014 that can span years. It\u2019s also a story about how it\u2019s all perfectly legal. Increasing numbers of consumers are caught in the cross hairs of car loans,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-23217","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-homes"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How predatory but legal auto loans are systematically taking advantage of people with subprime credit | InfinPros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This is a story about a predatory loan that can ensnare you in a matter of hours and lead to crushing debt \u2014 and perhaps wrecked credit \u2014 that can span\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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